__Crown Acknowledgements
The Crown acknowledges that prior to Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi Te Rarawa sought a good relationship with the Crown to benefit from contact with settlers while maintaining control over their affairs. The Crown also acknowledges that: • despite the promise of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi, many Crown actions created long-standing grievances for the hapū of Te Rarawa, • over the generations Te Rarawa have sought to have their grievances addressed and have petitioned the Crown; • the work of pursuing justice for these grievances has placed a heavy burden on the whānau and hapū of Te Rarawa and impacted upon the physical, mental, spiritual and economic health of the people; and • the Crown has never properly addressed these historical grievances and recognition is long overdue. |
_Panakareao signing Te Tiriti, April 1840, National Library collection
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_Surplus lands
The Crown acknowledges that flaws in its investigation of pre-Treaty land transactions breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty and its principles and resulted in the hapū of Te Rarawa losing land including vital kāinga and cultivation areas at Tangonge, Motukaraka, Awanui, Ōkiore, Kerekere, Pukepoto, Mangamuka River and elsewhere. These flaws included:
• failure to investigate transactions for which ‘scrip’ was given;
• failure to ensure the preservation of occupation and use rights agreed in the pre-Treaty deeds for Awanui, Ōkiore, Ōhotu, and Pukepoto lands; and
• taking decades to settle title or assert its own claim to these lands.
The Crown acknowledges that it breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles when it established its surplus lands policy and failed to ensure any assessment of whether Te Rarawa retained adequate lands for their needs. The Crown acknowledges that it took approximately 21,500 acres of land claimed by setters as a result of pre-Treaty transactions (“surplus lands”), rather than return these lands to Te Rarawa, and this has long been a source of grievance to Te Rarawa.
Pre-1865 Crown purchasing
The Crown acknowledges that:
• it led Te Rarawa to believe on a number of occasions in negotiations between the 1850s and 1865 that the Crown’s acquisition of land would result in European settlement which would create economic benefits for Te Rarawa;
• it acquired over 100,000 acres of land for a low price without the benefit of a formal investigation into land ownership, and did not always pay for timber resources on the land it purchased; and
• it failed to actively protect Te Rarawa by ensuring adequate reserves were set aside on the lands it purchased or protecting from alienation the few reserves it set aside and this was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
Impact of Native Land laws
The Crown acknowledges that:
• from 1865, without consulting Te Rarawa, it reformed their land tenure system by giving rights to individuals where Te Rarawa tikanga provided for land to be held on a hapū and Iwi basis;
• its reforms did not provide for the full range of complex and overlapping traditional land rights to be legally recognised;
• Te Rarawa whānau and hapū had no choice but to participate in the Native Land Court system to protect their land against claims from others and to integrate land into the modern economy; and
• the Native Land system caused division between hapū, involved considerable expense and disruption for Te Rarawa and in some cases led to land having to be sold to cover survey expenses.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the operation and impact of the native land laws, in particular the awarding of land to individuals and enabling of individuals to deal with that land without reference to Iwi and hapū, made those lands more susceptible to alienation. In this way the Crown’s imposition of a new land tenure system undermined the cultural order of hapū and Iwi and this was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
• increasing fragmentation and partition of land interests over time made it difficult for Te Rarawa to utilise their land; and
• the Crown’s failure to provide a legal means for the collective administration of Te Rarawa land until 1894 was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown acknowledges that even though there was little European settlement on lands it held at 1865, it aggressively sought to purchase more Te Rarawa land, particularly in the 1870s. The Crown acquired over 130,000 acres by 1897, but the economic benefits the Crown led Te Rarawa to expect failed to materialise. Instead many lands were retained by the Crown for scenery, conservation and other public purposes.
The Crown further acknowledges that the combined effect of actions such as:
• the use of payments for land (tāmana) before title to the land was determined by the Native Land Court;
• encouragement from the Crown to restrict lists of owners put forward when the Court was determining title to more easily finalise its purchase of land;
• purchases where the Crown dismissed the value of timber when assessing and negotiating the price of forested land;
• the use of monopoly purchasing powers; and
• its failure to ensure the reserves provisions in the native land legislation were applied and Te Rarawa hapū retained sufficient good quality land for their ongoing needs;
meant the Crown failed to actively protect the interests of Te Rarawa, which was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown acknowledges that as a result of its purchases many hapū lost sites of special significance including their wāhi tapu.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa hapū have carried a grievance in relation to the Crown’s acquisition of the Te Kauae-o-Ruru-Wahine blocks (the Warawara) for more than 130 years contending the sale of land allowed for the ongoing customary use of timber and other resources.
Twentieth century Māori land administration
The Crown acknowledges its policies for Māori land administration in the twentieth century effectively suspended Te Rarawa’s full rights of ownership in their remaining lands for many decades and that it continued to acquire Te Rarawa land in this context.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the compulsory vesting of land in the Tokerau Māori Land Board between 1907 and 1909 without Te Rarawa consent breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles and effectively alienated Te Rarawa from those lands for over 50 years; and
• when Te Rarawa hapū did regain control of their land it often had large debts and Te Rarawa were liable for compensating leasees for improvements. In the case of Te Karae the Tokerau Māori Land Board made no provision to pay this compensation before it became due.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• it compulsorily vested Te Karae block in the Tokerau Māori Land Board in 1907 so it could be leased for development but remain Te Rarawa land;
• after lobbying by lessees in 1915 the Crown purchased a large proportion of Te Karae to help lessees freehold land they were otherwise prohibited from purchasing directly despite resistance from the majority of the owners; and
• the Crown’s purchase of a large proportion of Te Karae in these circumstances breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown also acknowledges that Te Karae owners effectively funded the development of the roading network for settlement of the area and provided land for public roads between Kohukohu and Broadwood and Mangamuka Bridge.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the interests of Te Rarawa were prejudiced when the Board allowed the sale of Waireia D to be completed in 1914 despite the opposition of a majority of owners;
• it failed to fairly value the timber on Waireia D which Te Rarawa had agreed should be sold at Crown valuation with the result that Te Rarawa received no payment for the considerable quantity of timber on this block; and
• its failure to adequately protect Te Rarawa interests in land they wished to retain breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles
Land development, title reform and consolidation schemes
The Crown acknowledges that the consolidation schemes it carried out to address the fragmentation of Te Rarawa landholdings in the twentieth century:
• created uncertainty extending over several decades for many Te Rarawa as to the extent and location of their land interests; and
• resulted in some Te Rarawa losing interests in land to which they had ancestral connections, and some people receiving interests in Te Rarawa land to which they had no ancestral connections.
The Crown acknowledges that it established development schemes to develop commercial farms on Māori land using Crown loans, and Crown assistance to Te Rarawa for farming and development came nearly forty years after it was made available for lands held in individualised title.
The Crown further acknowledges that:
• it deprived Te Rarawa of control of large areas of their remaining land over a number of decades in the twentieth century through its administration of development schemes;
• it kept land such as Tapuwae under its control much longer than Te Rarawa expected when the development schemes were first established;
• the costs of these schemes grew into large debts which were passed on to Te Rarawa land owners when their lands were released from Crown control at the conclusion of development schemes; and
• the Crown’s administration of development schemes did not meet the positive outcomes that Te Rarawa were led to expect, and it was difficult for Te Rarawa to profitably farm some of the land returned to them.
The Crown acknowledges that it promoted legislation that empowered the Māori Trustee between 1953 and 1974, to compulsorily acquire Te Rarawa land interests the Crown considered uneconomic. The Crown acknowledges this was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles and caused many Te Rarawa to lose their turangawaewae.
Protest by Maraea Te Awaroa Heke
The Crown acknowledges the longstanding grievance of the descendants of Maraea Te Awaroa Heke and Ngāti Torotoroa arising from the imprisonment of Maraea for disrupting a road survey. The Crown acknowledges that:
• it did not consult the Ngāti Torotoroa hapū before surveying a road through their land at Ōwhata in 1937;
• the Crown did not fully investigate the status of the land being surveyed until 1941 and later acknowledged that the survey records gave no certainty about who owned the disputed land;
• the Crown did not provide any compensation to Maraea Te Awaroa Heke or her whānau despite a Native Land Court recommendation to do so; and
• the Crown’s actions fell short of actively protecting the interests of the Maraea Te Awaroa Heke whānau and breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles. The Crown now seeks to restore the honour of Maraea Te Awaroa Heke and ease the burden of hurt her whānau have felt for generations.
Natural resources
The Crown acknowledges it has not undertaken sand dune reclamation work at Kahakaharoa and Wairoa, despite being aware that Te Rarawa only sold these blocks to the Crown to facilitate this work in the 1950s.
The Crown acknowledges:
• the importance to Te Rarawa of the whenua, awa, maunga and moana as part of their identity and places of mahinga kai and other resources important for cultural and physical sustainability;
• the Crown has limited the opportunities for Te Rarawa to develop and use some of these resources and, until recently, has failed to acknowledge the special relationship of Te Rarawa to their environment;
• the Crown assumed control of estuarine areas in the Hokianga, Whāngāpe and Herekino harbours, and allowed private interests to reclaim some of these areas for farming; and
• the degradation of the environment arising from deforestation, siltation, drainage and development schemes, introduced weeds and pests, farm run-off and other pollution has been a source of distress and grievance to Te Rarawa.
The Crown also acknowledges:
• the ongoing sense of grievance for Te Rarawa hapū arising from the drainage of the Tangonge wetlands over time and the resultant destruction of mahinga kai; and
• the damage and loss of mahinga kai and other resource gathering places which has led to a decline in species of flora and fauna of importance to Te Rarawa has been a source of distress.
The Crown acknowledges:
• the significance of Te Oneroa a Tōhē to Te Rarawa as taonga and vital to their spiritual and material well-being;
• the exclusion of Te Rarawa from any meaningful role in the management of and care for Te Oneroa a Tōhē since the 1900s has been a source of distress to Te Rarawa; and
• the Crown has failed to respect, provide for, and protect the special relationship of Te Rarawa to Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē.
Māpere
The Crown acknowledges that it retained land at the Māpere school site for more than 100 years after it was no longer used as Te Rarawa had intended when they originally transferred it to the Crown for education purposes, and this has been a source of grievance and distress to the Ahipara hapū.
Petroleum/ Minerals
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa was not consulted when the Crown extended its control of natural resources to include minerals and are aggrieved at the Crown’s assumption of control, to which they have never agreed.
Socio-economic circumstances
The Crown acknowledges that over time the hapū of Te Rarawa have lacked opportunities for economic, social, and cultural development, and for too long this has had a detrimental effect on their material, cultural and spiritual well-being.
The Crown acknowledges the cumulative effects of its actions and omissions has left many Te Rarawa hapū without enough suitable land for their present and future needs and this was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles. The Crown also acknowledges that its policies have contributed to most Te Rarawa Iwi members now living outside of the Te Rarawa rohe.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• until recently, Te Rarawa were not consulted about Crown policies that might be detrimental to their health, education, economic development or cultural practices;
• the alienation of Te Rarawa hapū from their lands has profoundly affected their economic, social, and cultural development; and had devastating impacts on the way te reo Māori and knowledge of tikanga Māori practices are passed between generations of the hapū of Te Rarawa; and
• those living within their rohe have endured social and economic deprivation for too long. Their health and housing has been worse than that of many New Zealanders and they have not enjoyed the same opportunities.
Te reo
The Crown acknowledges the significant harm Te Rarawa children suffered by being punished for speaking their own language in State schools for many decades.
Education
The Crown also acknowledges that historically the education outcomes for students in schools in the Te Rarawa area have lagged well below those of other New Zealand children.
Partnership, protection and participation
The Crown acknowledges that successive generations of Te Rarawa made significant contributions to the development and wealth of the nation.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa have helped to meet the nation’s defence obligations, including service in two world wars. The Crown acknowledges the loss to Te Rarawa of those who died in the service of their country in New Zealand and overseas.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa has honoured its obligations and responsibilities under Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles but the cumulative effect of the Crown’s Treaty breaches has significantly eroded customary authority and undermined the tino rangatiratanga of Te Rarawa over land and resources, with effects that continue to be felt to the present day.
The Crown acknowledges that flaws in its investigation of pre-Treaty land transactions breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty and its principles and resulted in the hapū of Te Rarawa losing land including vital kāinga and cultivation areas at Tangonge, Motukaraka, Awanui, Ōkiore, Kerekere, Pukepoto, Mangamuka River and elsewhere. These flaws included:
• failure to investigate transactions for which ‘scrip’ was given;
• failure to ensure the preservation of occupation and use rights agreed in the pre-Treaty deeds for Awanui, Ōkiore, Ōhotu, and Pukepoto lands; and
• taking decades to settle title or assert its own claim to these lands.
The Crown acknowledges that it breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles when it established its surplus lands policy and failed to ensure any assessment of whether Te Rarawa retained adequate lands for their needs. The Crown acknowledges that it took approximately 21,500 acres of land claimed by setters as a result of pre-Treaty transactions (“surplus lands”), rather than return these lands to Te Rarawa, and this has long been a source of grievance to Te Rarawa.
Pre-1865 Crown purchasing
The Crown acknowledges that:
• it led Te Rarawa to believe on a number of occasions in negotiations between the 1850s and 1865 that the Crown’s acquisition of land would result in European settlement which would create economic benefits for Te Rarawa;
• it acquired over 100,000 acres of land for a low price without the benefit of a formal investigation into land ownership, and did not always pay for timber resources on the land it purchased; and
• it failed to actively protect Te Rarawa by ensuring adequate reserves were set aside on the lands it purchased or protecting from alienation the few reserves it set aside and this was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
Impact of Native Land laws
The Crown acknowledges that:
• from 1865, without consulting Te Rarawa, it reformed their land tenure system by giving rights to individuals where Te Rarawa tikanga provided for land to be held on a hapū and Iwi basis;
• its reforms did not provide for the full range of complex and overlapping traditional land rights to be legally recognised;
• Te Rarawa whānau and hapū had no choice but to participate in the Native Land Court system to protect their land against claims from others and to integrate land into the modern economy; and
• the Native Land system caused division between hapū, involved considerable expense and disruption for Te Rarawa and in some cases led to land having to be sold to cover survey expenses.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the operation and impact of the native land laws, in particular the awarding of land to individuals and enabling of individuals to deal with that land without reference to Iwi and hapū, made those lands more susceptible to alienation. In this way the Crown’s imposition of a new land tenure system undermined the cultural order of hapū and Iwi and this was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
• increasing fragmentation and partition of land interests over time made it difficult for Te Rarawa to utilise their land; and
• the Crown’s failure to provide a legal means for the collective administration of Te Rarawa land until 1894 was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown acknowledges that even though there was little European settlement on lands it held at 1865, it aggressively sought to purchase more Te Rarawa land, particularly in the 1870s. The Crown acquired over 130,000 acres by 1897, but the economic benefits the Crown led Te Rarawa to expect failed to materialise. Instead many lands were retained by the Crown for scenery, conservation and other public purposes.
The Crown further acknowledges that the combined effect of actions such as:
• the use of payments for land (tāmana) before title to the land was determined by the Native Land Court;
• encouragement from the Crown to restrict lists of owners put forward when the Court was determining title to more easily finalise its purchase of land;
• purchases where the Crown dismissed the value of timber when assessing and negotiating the price of forested land;
• the use of monopoly purchasing powers; and
• its failure to ensure the reserves provisions in the native land legislation were applied and Te Rarawa hapū retained sufficient good quality land for their ongoing needs;
meant the Crown failed to actively protect the interests of Te Rarawa, which was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown acknowledges that as a result of its purchases many hapū lost sites of special significance including their wāhi tapu.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa hapū have carried a grievance in relation to the Crown’s acquisition of the Te Kauae-o-Ruru-Wahine blocks (the Warawara) for more than 130 years contending the sale of land allowed for the ongoing customary use of timber and other resources.
Twentieth century Māori land administration
The Crown acknowledges its policies for Māori land administration in the twentieth century effectively suspended Te Rarawa’s full rights of ownership in their remaining lands for many decades and that it continued to acquire Te Rarawa land in this context.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the compulsory vesting of land in the Tokerau Māori Land Board between 1907 and 1909 without Te Rarawa consent breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles and effectively alienated Te Rarawa from those lands for over 50 years; and
• when Te Rarawa hapū did regain control of their land it often had large debts and Te Rarawa were liable for compensating leasees for improvements. In the case of Te Karae the Tokerau Māori Land Board made no provision to pay this compensation before it became due.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• it compulsorily vested Te Karae block in the Tokerau Māori Land Board in 1907 so it could be leased for development but remain Te Rarawa land;
• after lobbying by lessees in 1915 the Crown purchased a large proportion of Te Karae to help lessees freehold land they were otherwise prohibited from purchasing directly despite resistance from the majority of the owners; and
• the Crown’s purchase of a large proportion of Te Karae in these circumstances breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles.
The Crown also acknowledges that Te Karae owners effectively funded the development of the roading network for settlement of the area and provided land for public roads between Kohukohu and Broadwood and Mangamuka Bridge.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• the interests of Te Rarawa were prejudiced when the Board allowed the sale of Waireia D to be completed in 1914 despite the opposition of a majority of owners;
• it failed to fairly value the timber on Waireia D which Te Rarawa had agreed should be sold at Crown valuation with the result that Te Rarawa received no payment for the considerable quantity of timber on this block; and
• its failure to adequately protect Te Rarawa interests in land they wished to retain breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles
Land development, title reform and consolidation schemes
The Crown acknowledges that the consolidation schemes it carried out to address the fragmentation of Te Rarawa landholdings in the twentieth century:
• created uncertainty extending over several decades for many Te Rarawa as to the extent and location of their land interests; and
• resulted in some Te Rarawa losing interests in land to which they had ancestral connections, and some people receiving interests in Te Rarawa land to which they had no ancestral connections.
The Crown acknowledges that it established development schemes to develop commercial farms on Māori land using Crown loans, and Crown assistance to Te Rarawa for farming and development came nearly forty years after it was made available for lands held in individualised title.
The Crown further acknowledges that:
• it deprived Te Rarawa of control of large areas of their remaining land over a number of decades in the twentieth century through its administration of development schemes;
• it kept land such as Tapuwae under its control much longer than Te Rarawa expected when the development schemes were first established;
• the costs of these schemes grew into large debts which were passed on to Te Rarawa land owners when their lands were released from Crown control at the conclusion of development schemes; and
• the Crown’s administration of development schemes did not meet the positive outcomes that Te Rarawa were led to expect, and it was difficult for Te Rarawa to profitably farm some of the land returned to them.
The Crown acknowledges that it promoted legislation that empowered the Māori Trustee between 1953 and 1974, to compulsorily acquire Te Rarawa land interests the Crown considered uneconomic. The Crown acknowledges this was in breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles and caused many Te Rarawa to lose their turangawaewae.
Protest by Maraea Te Awaroa Heke
The Crown acknowledges the longstanding grievance of the descendants of Maraea Te Awaroa Heke and Ngāti Torotoroa arising from the imprisonment of Maraea for disrupting a road survey. The Crown acknowledges that:
• it did not consult the Ngāti Torotoroa hapū before surveying a road through their land at Ōwhata in 1937;
• the Crown did not fully investigate the status of the land being surveyed until 1941 and later acknowledged that the survey records gave no certainty about who owned the disputed land;
• the Crown did not provide any compensation to Maraea Te Awaroa Heke or her whānau despite a Native Land Court recommendation to do so; and
• the Crown’s actions fell short of actively protecting the interests of the Maraea Te Awaroa Heke whānau and breached Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles. The Crown now seeks to restore the honour of Maraea Te Awaroa Heke and ease the burden of hurt her whānau have felt for generations.
Natural resources
The Crown acknowledges it has not undertaken sand dune reclamation work at Kahakaharoa and Wairoa, despite being aware that Te Rarawa only sold these blocks to the Crown to facilitate this work in the 1950s.
The Crown acknowledges:
• the importance to Te Rarawa of the whenua, awa, maunga and moana as part of their identity and places of mahinga kai and other resources important for cultural and physical sustainability;
• the Crown has limited the opportunities for Te Rarawa to develop and use some of these resources and, until recently, has failed to acknowledge the special relationship of Te Rarawa to their environment;
• the Crown assumed control of estuarine areas in the Hokianga, Whāngāpe and Herekino harbours, and allowed private interests to reclaim some of these areas for farming; and
• the degradation of the environment arising from deforestation, siltation, drainage and development schemes, introduced weeds and pests, farm run-off and other pollution has been a source of distress and grievance to Te Rarawa.
The Crown also acknowledges:
• the ongoing sense of grievance for Te Rarawa hapū arising from the drainage of the Tangonge wetlands over time and the resultant destruction of mahinga kai; and
• the damage and loss of mahinga kai and other resource gathering places which has led to a decline in species of flora and fauna of importance to Te Rarawa has been a source of distress.
The Crown acknowledges:
• the significance of Te Oneroa a Tōhē to Te Rarawa as taonga and vital to their spiritual and material well-being;
• the exclusion of Te Rarawa from any meaningful role in the management of and care for Te Oneroa a Tōhē since the 1900s has been a source of distress to Te Rarawa; and
• the Crown has failed to respect, provide for, and protect the special relationship of Te Rarawa to Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē.
Māpere
The Crown acknowledges that it retained land at the Māpere school site for more than 100 years after it was no longer used as Te Rarawa had intended when they originally transferred it to the Crown for education purposes, and this has been a source of grievance and distress to the Ahipara hapū.
Petroleum/ Minerals
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa was not consulted when the Crown extended its control of natural resources to include minerals and are aggrieved at the Crown’s assumption of control, to which they have never agreed.
Socio-economic circumstances
The Crown acknowledges that over time the hapū of Te Rarawa have lacked opportunities for economic, social, and cultural development, and for too long this has had a detrimental effect on their material, cultural and spiritual well-being.
The Crown acknowledges the cumulative effects of its actions and omissions has left many Te Rarawa hapū without enough suitable land for their present and future needs and this was a breach of Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles. The Crown also acknowledges that its policies have contributed to most Te Rarawa Iwi members now living outside of the Te Rarawa rohe.
The Crown acknowledges that:
• until recently, Te Rarawa were not consulted about Crown policies that might be detrimental to their health, education, economic development or cultural practices;
• the alienation of Te Rarawa hapū from their lands has profoundly affected their economic, social, and cultural development; and had devastating impacts on the way te reo Māori and knowledge of tikanga Māori practices are passed between generations of the hapū of Te Rarawa; and
• those living within their rohe have endured social and economic deprivation for too long. Their health and housing has been worse than that of many New Zealanders and they have not enjoyed the same opportunities.
Te reo
The Crown acknowledges the significant harm Te Rarawa children suffered by being punished for speaking their own language in State schools for many decades.
Education
The Crown also acknowledges that historically the education outcomes for students in schools in the Te Rarawa area have lagged well below those of other New Zealand children.
Partnership, protection and participation
The Crown acknowledges that successive generations of Te Rarawa made significant contributions to the development and wealth of the nation.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa have helped to meet the nation’s defence obligations, including service in two world wars. The Crown acknowledges the loss to Te Rarawa of those who died in the service of their country in New Zealand and overseas.
The Crown acknowledges that Te Rarawa has honoured its obligations and responsibilities under Te Tiriti o Waitangi/ the Treaty of Waitangi and its principles but the cumulative effect of the Crown’s Treaty breaches has significantly eroded customary authority and undermined the tino rangatiratanga of Te Rarawa over land and resources, with effects that continue to be felt to the present day.
_Hokianga Rangatira 1890s, Ngāi Tūpoto Marae collection